تكافؤات العناصر الكيميائية – المؤسسة العلمية لرعاية المبدعين

محتويات

١ مفهوم تكافؤات العناصر الكيميائية
٢ أنواع تكافؤات العناصر
٣ كيفية معرفة تكافؤ العناصر الكيميائية
٤ اختلاف قيم تكافؤ العنصر
- ٤.١ ظاهرة تأثير الزوج الخامل
- ٤.٢ الاختلافات في الطاقة بين المدارات
٥ أهمية معرفة تكافؤ العناصر الكيميائية
٦ الفرق بين تكافؤ العناصر الكيميائية وعدد التأكسد
٧ الخلاصة
٨ المراجع

مفهوم تكافؤات العناصر الكيميائية

توجد ذرات العناصر المختلفة مرتبة في مدارات، وتسمى عدد الكترونات المدار الأخير بذرات التكافؤ، هذه الإلكترونات هي السبب في حدوث التفاعلات الكيميائية، إذ تفقد العناصر إلكترونات التكافؤ أو تكسبها أو تشاركها، إلى أن يستقر الغلاف الخارجي، وذلك بامتلائه ب 8 إلكترونات، وهي أقصى سعة للمدار الأخير لاستيعاب الإلكترونات، وهذا ما يسمى بتكافؤ العناصر الكيميائية.^[١]

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